(P223) The Dilemma of Public Health Communication Related to Mpox

Project: To evaluate and improve the response to the local mpox outbreak, Public Health – Seattle & King County (PHSKC) conducted a community feedback survey among those most impacted by mpox. From August 22 to October 1, 2022, people 14 years of age and older who identified as men who have sex with men (MSM) or transgender persons who have sex with men completed an online survey that quantitatively and qualitatively assessed mpox knowledge, attitudes, and risk behaviors. Open-ended questions explored perceived stigma, public health communication, and vaccine distribution. The survey was advertised at community vaccination events, the PHSKC Sexual Health Clinic, and over social media. A rapid qualitative analysis identified patterns and themes within the open-ended questions.

Issue: By August 2022, mpox cases in King County, WA were beginning to plateau, yet mpox vaccines remained limited and discontent with the public health response was growing among impacted communities. This survey aimed to understand community knowledge, experiences, and perceptions of mpox, and solicit feedback regarding communication and vaccine delivery.

Results: Among the 359 survey respondents, most identified as gay or lesbian (84%), white (74%), and reported living in King County, WA (92%). Nearly all participants (96%) were at least a little concerned about mpox while 31% were very concerned. Over half (59%) reported at least one mpox risk factor and the majority (69%) felt that mpox information had been stigmatizing toward MSM and transgender persons. Qualitative responses articulated divergent perspectives on public health communications with responses falling into two main themes. One group found communications stigmatizing and felt that public health should have de-emphasized the role of sexual behaviors and identity in the outbreak. In contrast, another group of respondents felt public health should have clearly indicated that mpox is an STI highly concentrated in MSM populations. Dominant themes relating to vaccine distribution included the need to broaden vaccine criteria, expand access, and emphasize BIPOC groups.

Lesson Learned: Our findings highlight the challenge of communicating the reality of the mpox epidemic without stigmatizing the affected population. Efforts to diversify communication methods, include fact-based information, and utilize concise non-judgmental language may improve effective public health communication.